Yocto系列讲解[实战篇] 8 - 开发工具devtool实操(添加git项目learnyocto)

### 在gitee创建简单项目

在讲述devtool新知识前，我们现在gitee创建一个新项目，如下图：  
![](/media/202402/2024-02-05_152016_4874980.5748355191523208.png)
点击创建后就会有这个项目：

https://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto

### git命令简单实用

在自己的ubuntu系统中下载下来：

~]$ cd code/ #记得吗？这个目录下面有个helloyocto项目
    code]$ git clone https://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto
    正克隆到 'learnyocto'...
    remote: Enumerating objects: 8, done.
    remote: Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.
    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
    remote: Total 8 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
    展开对象中: 100% (8/8), 完成.
    检查连接... 完成。

code]$ cd learnyocto/
    learnyocto]$ git branch -a #查看分支
    * master #当前在master分支
      remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
      remotes/origin/develop #开发分支
      remotes/origin/master

我们粗略可以这么认为develop用来日常的开发，代码测试和稳定后可以合并到master分支，由管理员维护master分支。这样我们先切换到develop分支进行开发：

learnyocto]$ git checkout develop 
    分支 develop 设置为跟踪来自 origin 的远程分支 develop。
    切换到一个新分支 'develop'
    learnyocto]$ cp ../helloyocto/* . #将之前的项目拷贝一份过来，图省事
    cp: 略过目录'../helloyocto/build'
    cp: 略过目录'../helloyocto/oe-logs'
    cp: 略过目录'../helloyocto/oe-workdir'
    learnyocto]$ ls
    CMakeLists.txt  LICENSE  main.c  README.en.md  README.md

### 修改项目

修改CMakeLists.txt和main.c文件：

learnyocto]$ vim CMakeLists.txt

project(learnyocto C)
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.3)
    
    add_executable (learnyocto main.c)
    
    install(TARGETS learnyocto DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin)

learnyocto]$ vim main.c

#include <stdio.h>
    
    int main (int argc, char **argv)
    {
        printf ("[develop branch]Hello Yocto!\n");
    
        return 0;
    } /* ----- End of main() ----- */

### 项目提交到gitee

learnyocto]$ git status
    位于分支 develop
    您的分支与上游分支 'origin/develop' 一致。
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
            CMakeLists.txt
            main.c
    
    提交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 "git add" 建立跟踪）
    learnyocto]$ git add CMakeLists.txt main.c
    learnyocto]$ git commit -m "第一次代码"  #可惜了少了‘添加’两个字
    learnyocto]$ git push origin develop 
    Username for 'https://gitee.com': **** #输入你自己的用户名
    Password for 'https://fulinux@gitee.com': 
    对象计数中: 4, 完成.
    Delta compression using up to 12 threads.
    压缩对象中: 100% (4/4), 完成.
    写入对象中: 100% (4/4), 599 bytes | 0 bytes/s, 完成.
    Total 4 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
    remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-5.0]
    To https://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto
       83f1936..351e99f  develop -> develop

在网页上就可以看到自己提交的内容了：

![](/media/202402/2024-02-05_152316_8736470.2417790115378382.png)

### 切换到master分支

learnyocto]$ git checkout master 
    切换到分支 'master'
    您的分支与上游分支 'origin/master' 一致。

### 合并develop改动到master分支

learnyocto]$ git merge develop
    更新 83f1936..351e99f
    Fast-forward
     CMakeLists.txt | 6 ++++++
     main.c         | 8 ++++++++
     2 files changed, 14 insertions(+)
     create mode 100644 CMakeLists.txt
     create mode 100644 main.c

修改main.c，用以后续区分不同分支项目：

learnyocto]$ vim main.c #不会用vim的就用其他编辑器

#include <stdio.h>
    
    int main (int argc, char **argv)
    {
        printf ("[master branch]Hello Yocto!\n");//change develop to master
    
        return 0;
    } /* ----- End of main() ----- */

### 提交改动到gitee上

learnyocto]$ git add main.c
    learnyocto]$ git commit -m "修改main.c"
    learnyocto]$ git push origin master

### 给项目打个tag

learnyocto]$ git tag -a v1.0 -m "add my 1.0 version"  #给自己的项目打个tag
    learnyocto]$ git tag -l
    v1.0
    learnyocto]$ git push origin v1.0

### 将learnyocto添加到[yocto](https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=yocto&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020)上

默认情况下，devtool add从远程URI获取到的内容就是master分支中的最新版本。在某些情况下，您可能希望通过branch，tag或commit-id来指定版本。下面我们尝试使用develop分支的内容  
参考上片中内容，将learnyocto添加到yocto中：

learnyocto]$ cd
    ~]$ cd poky/
    poky]$ source oe-init-build-env

要指定源分支，请使用–srcbranch选项：

build]$ devtool add --srcbranch develop learnyocto https://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto.git
    NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
    NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
    INFO: Fetching git://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto.git;protocol=https;branch=develop...
    Loading cache: 100% |########################################################################################################################################################| Time: 0:00:02
    Loaded 1321 entries from dependency cache.
    Parsing recipes: 100% |######################################################################################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00
    Parsing of 782 .bb files complete (779 cached, 3 parsed). 1323 targets, 46 skipped, 0 masked, 0 errors.
    NOTE: Resolving any missing task queue dependencies
    
    Build Configuration:
    BB_VERSION           = "1.46.0"
    BUILD_SYS            = "x86_64-linux"
    NATIVELSBSTRING      = "universal"
    TARGET_SYS           = "x86_64-poky-linux"
    MACHINE              = "qemux86-64"
    DISTRO               = "poky"
    DISTRO_VERSION       = "3.1.2"
    TUNE_FEATURES        = "m64 core2"
    TARGET_FPU           = ""
    meta                 
    meta-poky            
    meta-yocto-bsp       = "my-yocto-3.1.2:569b1f5d67c57de957e243997c53ec2f81dc8dfe"
    meta-altera          = "master:aa24dfcb39fce3619a87ee6eef6e4296e66d2099"
    meta-mylayer         
    workspace            = "my-yocto-3.1.2:569b1f5d67c57de957e243997c53ec2f81dc8dfe"
    
    Initialising tasks: 100% |###################################################################################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00
    Sstate summary: Wanted 0 Found 0 Missed 0 Current 0 (0% match, 0% complete)
    NOTE: No setscene tasks
    NOTE: Executing Tasks
    NOTE: Tasks Summary: Attempted 2 tasks of which 0 didn't need to be rerun and all succeeded.
    INFO: Using default source tree path /home/peeta/poky/build/workspace/sources/learnyocto
    NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
    INFO: Recipe /home/peeta/poky/build/workspace/recipes/learnyocto/learnyocto_git.bb has been automatically created; further editing may be required to make it fully functional

### learnyocto的bb文件

build]$ cat workspace/recipes/learnyocto/learnyocto_git.bb
    # Recipe created by recipetool
    # This is the basis of a recipe and may need further editing in order to be fully functional.
    # (Feel free to remove these comments when editing.)
    
    # WARNING: the following LICENSE and LIC_FILES_CHKSUM values are best guesses - it is
    # your responsibility to verify that the values are complete and correct.
    LICENSE = "LGPLv3"
    LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://LICENSE;md5=e6a600fd5e1d9cbde2d983680233ad02"
    
    SRC_URI = "git://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto.git;protocol=https;branch=develop"
    
    # Modify these as desired
    PV = "1.0+git${SRCPV}"
    SRCREV = "351e99f4d4f6045771a920a33ab178b55a8ff829"
    
    S = "${WORKDIR}/git"
    
    inherit cmake
    
    # Specify any options you want to pass to cmake using EXTRA_OECMAKE:
    EXTRA_OECMAKE = ""

### learnyocto源码的位置

build]$ ls workspace/sources/learnyocto/
    CMakeLists.txt  LICENSE  main.c  oe-logs  oe-workdir  README.en.md  README.md
    build]$ cd workspace/sources/learnyocto/
    learnyocto]$ git branch
      develop
    * devtool #当前分支，会创建一个devtool分支，不过它是从develop分支切出来的
      master
    learnyocto]$ git log
    351e99f 第一次代码 (Peeta Chen, 51 分钟前)
    83f1936 Initial commit (fulinux, 70 分钟前)

### 编译learnyocto

build]$ devtool build learnyocto

编译成功。

### 指定tag和commit-id的方法

本节是一个小知识点，用不上可以忽略。  
要指定特定tag或commit hash值，请使用–srcrev选项，可以先记着下面的例子：

devtool add --srcrev v1.0 learnyocto https://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto.git
    devtool add --srcrev [commit id] learnyocto https://gitee.com/fulinux/learnyocto.git

> 注意：如果您希望每次构建配方时都使用最新版本，请使用–autorev或-a选项。

下篇继续`learnyocto`项目更新~